A traditional business loan is a lump sum of capital that you pay back with regular repayments, usually at a fixed interest rate. Lenders include high-street banks, challenger banks, online lenders, and small local specialists. Business loans generally fall into two categories: secured loans and unsecured loans.
The loan amount typically ranges from ₦10,000 to ₦50 million or up to 25% of your annual revenue.
“Business loan” is a broad term that can refer to various financial products, including:
- Secured loans
- Unsecured loans
- Startup loans
- Working capital loans
- Revolving credit facilities
- Line of credit (non-revolving)
- Business cash advances
- Asset-based lending
- Asset finance (i.e., equipment finance)
- Asset refinance
There is a wide range of lenders offering loans to businesses, each with different eligibility criteria, application processes, and interest rates. Even if you have a poor credit rating, it’s often possible to obtain a business loan, though you may need to offer security or a personal guarantee.
It’s important to consider that short-term loans typically have higher interest rates, but long-term financing might cost more overall due to the extended borrowing period.
Within the range of business loans, there are several types that may suit different needs:
- Short-Term Business Loans: Typically between 3 and 18 months, these are often used for immediate working capital needs. They usually come with higher interest rates due to their short repayment period.
- ‘Term’ Loans: These loans have a fixed term, generally between two and five years. They are suitable for medium- to long-term financing needs.
- Revolving Credit Facilities: These offer flexible borrowing and repayment options, similar to a credit card but for larger amounts. They can be used for ongoing business expenses.
- Business Overdraft Alternatives: These can help manage cash flow fluctuations by allowing you to withdraw more than your account balance.
- Long-Term Loans: These can extend from 3 to 30 years and often come with structured payment plans. They might restrict other financial commitments and require a portion of profit set aside for repayment.
- Balloon Loans: These loans feature small monthly payments with a large final payment (the ‘balloon’ payment) due at the end of the term. They can be useful for businesses expecting to have the cash flow to make a significant payment later.
Each type of loan comes with its own set of advantages and potential drawbacks, so it’s important to choose one that aligns with your business’s financial situation and goals.
Here are some key considerations when thinking about taking out a business loan:
- Responding to Opportunities or Threats: A business loan can help you act quickly when you encounter new opportunities or threats. If you need cash urgently to capitalize on a growth opportunity, a loan might be the solution.
- Managing Cash Flow Hiccups: Having access to business finance options can prevent temporary cash flow issues from disrupting your operations. Loans can provide a buffer during lean periods.
- Repayment Impact: Loan repayments will affect your cash flow, so it’s crucial to choose a loan amount and interest rate that align with your financial situation. Overleveraging can be detrimental, so carefully consider the repayment timetable and how it fits into your business’s financial plan.
- Credit Score and Loan Costs: Your credit score significantly influences the cost of a loan. A lower credit score or lack of collateral can lead to higher interest rates and less favorable terms, making the loan more expensive.
Always weigh these factors carefully to ensure that a loan is the right move for your business and that you can manage the repayments effectively.
A business loan can be a great option if you want to raise capital without giving up equity in your business. This approach allows you to maintain full ownership while accessing funds for growth or overcoming financial challenges.
Here’s how a business loan can help:
- Capitalize on Opportunities: Use the loan to seize critical market opportunities or launch significant marketing campaigns to elevate your business.
- Manage Cash Flow Problems: A business loan can provide the necessary funds to address cash flow issues, ensuring that your business can continue to operate smoothly even when facing financial constraints.
- Avoid Equity Dilution: By opting for a loan rather than equity financing, you retain full control and ownership of your business, without having to share decision-making power or profits with new investors.
Business loans can be particularly useful when your existing credit lines are exhausted and you need additional resources to meet urgent demands or sustain your business.
Here’s a list of different types of business financing options you might consider:
- Secured Loans: Loans backed by collateral, which can lower interest rates but risk the loss of assets if you default.
- Unsecured Loans: Loans not backed by collateral, often with higher interest rates but less risk to your assets.
- Startup Loans: Specifically designed for new businesses, these loans can help with initial capital requirements.
- Working Capital Loans: Short-term loans intended to finance day-to-day operations and manage cash flow.
- Revolving Credit Facilities: Flexible credit options where you can borrow, repay, and borrow again up to a credit limit.
- Line of Credit (Non-Revolving): Provides a fixed amount of credit that you can use as needed, with no option to borrow again once repaid.
- Business Cash Advances: Advances based on future credit card sales or receivables, often used for quick, short-term funding.
- Asset-Based Lending: Loans secured by business assets, such as inventory or receivables.
- Asset Finance: Financing specifically for purchasing or leasing equipment.
Each of these options has its own advantages and considerations, so it’s important to evaluate which one best fits your business needs and financial situation.