Secured business loans

A secured business loan allows to you to access finance by offering up an asset such as property as security against the amount you borrow

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    Arabella McAvoy

    Page written by Arabella McAvoy. Last reviewed on November 28, 2023. Next review due July 1, 2025.

    If you’re an Australian business with assets and you’re looking for capital to grow, then securing a business loan against one or more your assets could be the ideal way to raise the funding you need. By taking security, the lender is much less likely to lose money should you fail to keep up the repayments. This means you will be more likely to be approved for a secured loan, as well as be offered lower interest rates, longer terms, and larger loans for your business. Between the banks and the alternative finance market, there is a broad range of lenders in Australia, each offering a variety of lending products.

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      What is a secured business loan?

      A secured business loan allows you to use an asset – or the total value of multiple assets – as security against the amount you borrow. The lender uses your asset(s) as a form of guarantee and is therefore often able to offer better repayment terms than you’d find with an unsecured loan. 

      Business loans are typically secured against property, equipment, machinery or land – but lenders might use any high-value assets that either you or your business might own. There are other types of secured lending though. For example, invoice finance allows you to use your invoices and accounts receivable (i.e. money owed to your business) as security for a loan. 

      With a secured loan, the security reduces the risk for lenders, therefore increasing your chances of getting a loan, but also allowing you to borrow more money, for a longer term – and you’ll be offered better interest rates compared to those for an unsecured loan.

      If you’re looking to grow your business, perhaps by investing in new equipment or taking on additional staff, there are many banks and non-traditional (alternative finance) lenders who can offer your business funds. If you like the idea of fixed, monthly repayments within an agreed time frame, a business loan (whether secured or unsecured) could be your best option.

      Secured lending is also known as asset-backed lending.

      Andrea Reynolds, Swoop’s CEO & Co-Founder
      Andrea Reynolds
      Swoop’s CEO & Co-Founder

      A word from Andrea

      "A secured business loan allows you to use an asset, or the total value of multiple assets, as security against the amount you borrow. The lender uses your asset as a form of guarantee and is therefore able to offer better repayment terms than you’d find with an unsecured loan. By taking security, the lender is much less likely to lose money should you fail to keep up the repayments, meaning you will be more likely to be approved for a secured loan, as well as be offered lower interest rates, longer terms, and larger loans for your business."

      How do secured business loans work?

      Secured business loans work in very similar ways to most other types of business lending. The lender will agree to lend your business a certain amount, based on your needs and how much security you can put up to guarantee the loan. 

      (This is in contrast to an unsecured business loan, where the lender will typically specify the loan amount as a multiple of your annual business turnover.) 

      The process is a bit like applying for a mortgage and may take several weeks, depending on the complexity of your situation – the lender will have to value any assets you’re putting up as security. In addition, if you’re using property as security, the lender is likely to place a legal charge on the property.

      You receive your cash and subsequently repay your loan in monthly instalments over a fixed time frame. You can choose to take out a short-term loan or medium/long-term loan (i.e. ‘term’ loan), depending on your business needs.

      If you fail to make the repayments, the lender might claim ownership of the assets that you put up as security and use this to recover the funds.

      Secured business loan example

      Here’s a simple example of a secured loan:

      • You apply for a loan for $200,000 and offer the lender your commercial property as security against the loan.
      • The lender assesses the application and gives a conditional offer, reliant on an independent valuation confirming the property’s value and suitability as security
      • You pay an upfront fee to cover the lender’s costs in valuing your asset (the property) as well as any legal fees should the lender want to place a charge on the property.
      • The lender duly values your asset as higher than the value of the loan.
      • You agree to pay a fixed interest rate of 5%, and to repay in monthly instalments over 60 months of $3,774.25.
      • The total interest you pay will be $26,454.76.

      What are the pros and cons of a secured business loan?

      Pros

      Pros

      If you offer assets as security against a loan, lenders take on less risk than they would with an unsecured loan, increasing your chances of being approved if you’ve been declined for an unsecured loan. Security also means lenders are more likely to lend larger amounts, over longer time periods, and at lower interest rates..

      Here’s a bit more detail:

      • Interest rates are lower – the main advantage of offering assets as security is that you’ll find secured business loans are cheaper than unsecured loans and many other types of business borrowing. This is because lenders have a strong secondary source of repayment and so the risk of them losing money is reduced 
      • You can usually borrow more – the amount you can borrow depends on the value of the asset(s) you put up as security against your loan. You might even be able to borrow 100% of the net value of these assets.
      • Repayment terms are longer – if you’re allowed to repay your loan over a longer period of time, your monthly payments will be lower. This eases the burden on your cash flow so that you can focus on growing your business.
      • You don’t need a solid trading history or good credit history – there’s less need for you to have a good trading history or a good credit history (credit file/report – they mean the same thing), because any assets you use are a form of guarantee for the lender. This makes secured loans a good option for a startup without any annual accounts or trading history, or for a business with a less-than-perfect credit history. Lenders will take a view on any previous problems but they might require a director’s personal guarantee as an additional form of security.
      Cons

      Cons

      These aren’t all exactly ‘cons’ – rather they’re ‘things to consider’ before you take out an unsecured business loan:

      • You’ll need to have assets in your business that you’re willing to put up as security – this won’t suit all businesses.
      • If you can’t repay your secured loan, the lender can sell the asset(s) to recoup the cost of the loan.
      • You’ll most likely have to pay money upfront – valuation fees and also legal fees if the lender places a legal charge on your property. If the valuation isn’t favourable, your loan might be declined or smaller than you need but you’ll still have paid the valuation fee.
      • It’ll take longer (possibly weeks) to access funds, compared to other types of financing, because you’ll have to wait for the lender to complete the due diligence processes.
      • If you’re borrowing over a longer term, you should consider the total cost of the loan. Even if the interest rate is low, borrowing costs can mount up over the long term.

      What do I need to qualify?

      The criteria in Australia for a secured business loan tend to be more relaxed than those for unsecured lending, though requirements will vary between lenders.

      If you or your business owns any high-value assets you’re likely to be eligible for a secured business loan, especially if you’re prepared to put up business or personal property as security against the loan.

      A lender will assess the value of the asset – or assets – and will want to know what you’re borrowing the money for. They will also check the trading history of your business. If you’re a startup with no or minimal trading history they will take a view – it’s your assets they care more about. 

      Lenders will take a view on previous credit problems, but if you have a poor credit history you’ll still need to demonstrate that the primary source of repayment i.e. the business is viable and able to service the loan

      Your business also needs to have been registered within Australia for at least three months.

      How much can I borrow?

      In theory, you can borrow up to 100% of the value of the asset(s) you’re using as security. These assets are usually commercial property, equipment or land. Some lenders will consider a net value of multiple assets including, for example, your personal assets such as your residential property, car or shares. 

      In practice, requests are typically 50-70% of the value of the asset(s). So, depending on the value of your asset(s) you could access a secured business loan from $5,000 to $5m.

      Secured vs. unsecured business loans

      A secured loan uses your assets as security. Usually these assets are tangible items such as commercial property, machinery or vehicles, but there are other types of secured lending. For example, with invoice finance, you’d use your trade debtors as security.

      If you can’t repay your secured loan, the lender can sell the assets to recoup the cost of the loan, which reduces their risk. 

      With an unsecured loan, on the other hand, the lender has no security and therefore cares much more about your business profile, for example, your business turnover, trading history and credit score. The lender may also look at your personal credit history and personal assets, and might ask for a personal guarantee. 

      Secured lending is usually cheaper (i.e. interest rates are lower) than unsecured lending because the lender is taking on less risk. Lenders might also offer longer terms and larger amounts. 

      Unsecured business loans are usually simpler and quicker to arrange, compared to secured loans, because there’s no need for the lender to inspect or value any assets. These valuations may involve legal costs, which you’ll have to pay upfront with a secured loan. By contrast, an unsecured loan doesn’t usually involve any upfront costs.

      Are secured loans easier to get than unsecured loans?

      If by ‘easier’ you mean more accessible, then yes, as long as you have assets to secure against the loan. From the lender’s perspective, there’s less need for you to have a good trading history or a good credit history, because any assets you use are a form of guarantee for the lender. 

      Lenders will take a view on previous credit problems, but if you have a poor credit history you’ll need to demonstrate a sustained period of growth.

      This makes secured loans a good option for a startup without any annual accounts or trading history, or a business with a poor credit history.

      To qualify, your business needs to have been registered within Australia for at least three months and needs to own a high-value asset that you can put up as security against the loan. 

      The criteria for a secured business loan tend to be more relaxed than those for unsecured lending, though requirements will vary between lenders. 

      ‘Easier’ does not equate to ‘quicker’ though. If you’re applying for a secured loan it may take considerably longer (possibly weeks) to access funds, compared with secured lending or other types of financing, because you’ll have to wait for the lender to complete any valuation and possibly organise any legal charges on property. 

      Are my business assets at risk?

      Yes. If you’re securing the loan against any of your assets, and you fail to keep up with the repayments as agreed with the lender, you may lose these assets. 

      In addition, if you’re a director offering a personal guarantee (i.e. offering personal assets such as your home as security) and your business then fails to make repayments, you become personally liable for paying off the debt.

      Is a small business loan secured or unsecured?

      It can be either. It’s for you to decide whether you want to use any of your assets as security against your borrowing.

      If you want to borrow more than your assets are worth, or you’d prefer not to offer specific assets as security, you might choose an unsecured business loan. Once a lender agrees to the loan, you’ll get your cash fast and you’re unlikely to have to pay any upfront costs – but you’ll probably pay a higher interest rate and you’ll need to demonstrate a good track record. 

      A secured loan, on the other hand, will most likely be the cheaper option, though it’ll take longer to arrange (assets need to be valued). If you’re a small business or a startup and you don’t have a solid trading history or a good credit rating, you might have more success with a secured loan. 

      Between the banks and the alternative finance market, there is a broad range of lenders, each offering a variety of lending products. 

      What can be used as security for a business loan?

      You can use almost anything as security to guarantee a business loan in Australia, as long as it has value. 

      Lenders prefer assets that can easily be resold, hold their value well, are important to your business and are more valuable than the amount you want to borrow. This should be no surprise since the point of a secured loan is that the lender can use the security to recoup losses if you default on the loan. 

      When lenders value a business’s security for a secured loan, they will look at how ‘encumbered’ the security is (i.e. do you own it 100% or are there other parties involved?). 

      In practice, you can use any valuable asset as security for a business loan for example:

      • Commercial property (e.g. offices, warehouses, shops)
      • Commercial vehicles (e.g. trucks, vans, cars)
      • Heavy machinery (e.g. plant machinery, printing presses). 

      These are known as hard assets. Some lenders might also accept soft assets, for example, unsold stock in your warehouse. 

      Some lenders will consider a net value of multiple assets including, for example, your personal assets such as your residential property, car or shares. 

      Some lenders allow you to use cash as security. Be aware, however, that cash-secured business loans usually have different terms attached, compared with loans secured with property.

      Lenders might also require a personal guarantee as an additional form of security.

      In addition to secured business loans, you might also want to consider invoice finance (borrowing using your unpaid invoices as security) or asset finance (borrowing against assets on your balance sheet).

      Can I secure a business loan against property?

      You can use almost anything as security to guarantee a business loan, as long as it has value. Commercial property is commonly used, and some lenders will accept personal residential property (or other personal assets) as security. 

      When lenders value a business’s security for a secured loan, they will look at how ‘encumbered’ the security is (i.e. do you own it 100% or are there other parties involved?).  Lenders might in addition ask for a personal guarantee.

      Legal charge vs. equitable charge

      If you’re offering commercial property (or land) as security, and it has an existing mortgage, the lender may register a legal or equitable charge. 

      A legal charge is an actual legal interest in property (or land), rather like a right of way. It gives the lender the power of sale if you fail to keep up the loan repayments. However, the lender will require consent from your existing lender (for example, your mortgage provider) and this consent may not be forthcoming. It can take several weeks for the lender to register a legal charge – and this means you’ll have to wait for the funds. 

      You’ll get funds much faster (within hours of the loan being approved) if the lender registers an equitable charge over your property without the consent of your mortgage provider. Although the lender does not gain the power of sale over the property (though they could go to court and obtain an order for sale based on their equitable charge), they do gain enough security to approve your loan. 

      So the main difference between a legal charge and an equitable charge is power of sale.

      What is a cash-secured business loan?

      As the name suggests, a cash-secured business loan is a loan using cash as security. Whilst this may seem odd to some business owners, on occasions businesses do wish to borrow using cash to secure a loan. These types of loans have different terms compared to loans secured with property or other assets. 

      Can I get a business loan without security?

      Yes. If your business lacks assets, or if you don’t want to use your assets as security, you may be able to get an unsecured business loan. These loans are a simple, low-cost way to borrow.  

      Bear in mind, however, that if you’re after a large unsecured business loan, your business will need to have a strong cash flow position and long trading history that shows you can easily afford repayments and a balance sheet that shows there is value in the business. A secured loan might therefore be your best option in this case.

      Can I get a secured business loan with bad credit?

      Yes. One of the advantages of a secured loan is that, from the lender’s perspective, your credit rating is less important than the assets you use to guarantee your borrowing. In other words, lenders take on less risk with a secured business loan than they would with an unsecured loan. This means that if your business has a bad credit history you’re more likely to be successful if you apply for a secured loan.

      That said, you should be aware that:

      • You might be liable to lose any assets you use as security if you’re unable to make your loan repayments
      • Your credit rating might count against you when you’re negotiating interest rates – you might be offered higher interest rates if your credit rating is poor
      • If your business has experienced financial difficulties and your bank has been unable to provide you with finance options, you might have more success with an alternative finance lender. 

      Do secured loans hurt your credit?

      Missing a loan payment or defaulting on a secured loan or an unsecured loan (defined as failing to pay back a loan within an agreed time-frame) can cause serious problems for your business.

      Before you agree to a loan, you should check what the terms and conditions are for non-payment. If you miss a payment, you will most likely incur a fine, based on a percentage of your monthly instalments. You might also have to pay the administrative costs that your lender incurs in notifying you.

      Your contract will specify what constitutes defaulting on your loan – it can be after several – or just one – missed monthly payments.

      In the case of a secured loan, because the loan is secured against your assets, you run the risk of losing them if you fail to make the repayments as agreed with the lender. This won’t necessarily happen immediately – you’d need to check your loan contract. This is of course one of the key differences between a secured loan and an unsecured loan. 

      Your business credit score will certainly take a hit. This means you’ll find it more difficult to access finance in the future, including other business loans. It can also impact your future business dealings, since many companies carry out credit checks on companies they’re considering working with.

      A poor credit score also means less favourable terms (for example, higher interest rates) on any loans or other types of finance you might apply for in the future, because you pose an increased risk to the lender. 

      While there are ways you can improve your business’s credit rating, negative information can stay on your company credit file for years. 

      If you’ve given a personal guarantee (i.e. you’ve offered personal assets such as your home as security) and your business then fails to make repayments, you become personally liable for paying off the debt. 

      Why are secured loans less expensive than unsecured loans?

      Secured loans are usually cheaper (i.e. interest rates are lower) because there’s less risk for the lender. Lenders might also offer longer terms and larger amounts if a loan is secured by assets. 

      With unsecured lending, on the other hand, the lender takes on more risk, which makes unsecured loans more expensive (i.e. interest rates are higher). 

      The security reduces the risk for lenders, you can usually borrow more money and you’ll be offered better interest rates, in comparison to a secured loan.

      Will I need a personal guarantee?

      If a loan is secured against a high-value asset, the lender has the reassurance that if things go wrong and you can’t keep up the repayments, they can take the asset to recoup their losses.

      The lender is taking on less risk than they would with an unsecured loan, and this gives them more confidence to lend to your business. 

      It also means they are less likely to require a personal guarantee.

      That said, in the case of a limited company or a limited liability partnership, lenders might also require a director’s personal guarantee as an additional form of security, especially if your credit history is less than perfect. 

      Bear in mind that if you’re the director offering a personal guarantee (i.e. offering personal assets such as your home as security) and your business then fails to make repayments, you become personally liable for paying off the debt. You should seek professional advice before you consider signing a personal guarantee. 

      What are the alternatives to a secured loan?

      You may have the choice of many different financing options if you’re unable to get a secured loan – or if you decide that a secured loan is not for you. 

      If you need funds quickly a secured loan might not be your best option. You might instead consider an unsecured loan, which can be more expensive in terms of interest but doesn’t require you to use assets as security.

      If you’re looking for shorter-term borrowing, you might consider revolving credit facilities, business credit cards or a bank overdraft.

      How do I get a secured business loan?

      If you would like to discuss secured business loans get in touch to speak with our loans experts for a free, no-obligation discussion. 

      Written by

      Arabella McAvoy

      Arabella is a former BBC business journalist who began her career as a policy analyst at the Bank of England and Financial Conduct Authority, and more recently worked in the communications and policy team at the British Business Bank.

      To read our editorial policy, please click here.

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