Sole trader

Definition

A sole trader is a type of business structure where an individual operates and owns a business independently. In a sole trader business, there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business entity itself. 

What is a sole trader?

One of the key characteristics of a sole trader business is that the owner has unlimited liability. This means that the owner is personally responsible for all debts, liabilities, and legal obligations of the business. In the event of business debts or legal issues, the owner’s personal assets may be used to cover these obligations.

The owner of a sole trader business is entitled to all the profits generated by the business. However, they are also personally responsible for any losses incurred. This contrasts with other business structures where profits and losses are shared among multiple owners or shareholders.

Sole traders have a high degree of flexibility and autonomy in managing their business. They have the freedom to make decisions without the need for approval from partners or shareholders.

Depending on the jurisdiction, there may be specific legal requirements and regulations that sole traders must adhere to. This can include business registration, licensing, and compliance with industry-specific regulations.

Example of a sole trader

John Smith decides to start a freelance graphic design business. He operates the business under his own name, “John Smith Design.” As a sole trader, John is the sole owner of the business and is personally responsible for all aspects of its operations.

1. Business registration: John registers his business with the appropriate government authorities, obtaining any necessary licenses or permits required to operate as a sole trader in his jurisdiction.
2. Business operations: John sets up his home office with the necessary equipment and software to provide graphic design services to clients.
3. Client acquisition: John networks with potential clients, attends industry events, and promotes his services through online channels to generate business leads.
4. Financial management: John manages his business finances, including invoicing clients, tracking income and expenses, and paying taxes as a self-employed individual.
5. Legal and liability considerations: As a sole trader, John is personally liable for any debts or legal obligations incurred by his business.

In this example, John operates as a sole trader, managing his freelance graphic design business independently.

Read more: our guide on funding your sole trader business.